Causes of Infertility

• Female Factors:

  • Ovulation Disorders: Irregular or absent ovulation (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome).
  • Age: Decline in fertility with age, especially after 35.
  • Fallopian Tube Damage: Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, hindering the egg’s journey to the uterus.
  • Endometriosis: Growth of tissue outside the uterus, affecting fertility.
  • Uterine or Cervical Factors: Abnormalities in the uterus or cervix that affect implantation or sperm movement.

• Male Factors:

  • Low Sperm Count or Quality: Problems with sperm production or function.
  • Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the testes, which can affect sperm production.
  • Genetic Factors: Inherited conditions affecting fertility.
  • Lifestyle Factors: Such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or certain medications.

• Combined Factors:

  • Unexplained Infertility: In some cases, the cause of infertility remains unknown after testing both partners.

Symptoms of Infertility

• Inability to Conceive: After one year of unprotected intercourse (six months for women over 35).
• Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Often associated with ovulatory disorders.
• Pain: Pelvic pain, which may indicate conditions like endometriosis.
• Changes in Sexual Function: Problems with sexual function or desire, affecting fertility.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Symptoms such as excess facial and body hair, acne, or obesity, which may indicate underlying hormonal issues affecting fertility.